Introduction & Resources | Dictionary | Additional Forms | Organization of the Essay | Synopsis (Summary Table) | Pronunciation & Character Components | All the Real Characters

The Universal Language of John Wilkins:
the Real Characters

The Essay includes thousands1 of entries, each of which corresponds to a real character. However, Wilkins only provides a few examples of these (for example, the prayers here and here)

According to Mary Slaughter, in 1678 Andrew Paschall proposed revising the Essay and providing charts that would show each entry in English and in the real characters, along with the pronunciation (Slaughter 1982, p. 177). In this spirit, this page provides charts of this style for each of the forty genera and all the grammatical particles, possibly for the first time since 1668.

The charts are available as a Google Sheet (embedded below and as a separate page). Note that the original spellings are used throughout; for suggested modern spellings for individual words, see the Dictionary page.


1Including main entries, oppositions, and affinities, the Essay presents 59 genera, 310 differences, and 3,820 radicals (of which there are 2,036 species).



Created by Aidan Wakely-Mulroney

© All rights reserved, May 2026.